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The extensive glossary for

DeFi and Web3

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A
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Address

A blockchain address is a unique identifier that is used to locate a specific wallet on the blockchain network. It is typically a string of text that is generated by taking the hash of a public key. The address serves as a way to send and receive digital assets within the blockchain network.
Full definition
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Airdrop

An airdrop is the distribution of digital assets, such as cryptocurrency, to a group of people, either by holding a specific token or by having an active wallet address on a particular blockchain network. It is used to increase adoption and awareness of the assets being distributed.
Full definition
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All Time High (ATH)

All-Time High (ATH) is the highest recorded price of a cryptocurrency in relation to a quote currency, such as the US dollar, Bitcoin, Ethereum, or Binance Coin. It represents the highest point that a cryptocurrency has reached in its trading history, and it is used as a benchmark for future price movements.
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Alpha

In both traditional finance and cryptocurrency refers to information or insights that are not widely known or understood, giving the holder an advantage in making informed investment decisions. This information can provide a trader with a competitive edge in the market.
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Altcoin

An Altcoin is a term used to describe any cryptocurrency that is alternative to Bitcoin. It is a digital currency based on blockchain technology, but with different features and characteristics that distinguishes it from Bitcoin.
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Bags

Bags refers to the collection of coins and tokens that an individual or entity holds in their portfolio, it is used to describe the set of assets that an investor has acquired and is keeping in their possession, and it is often used in the context of poorly performing assets, where an investor holds onto coins or tokens that have decreased in value.
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Bear market

Bear Market is a term used to describe a negative trend in the prices of a market, characterized by a general sense of pessimism and negative sentiment among investors, it is often used in financial markets including traditional markets such as stocks and bonds and in the cryptocurrency market.
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Bid price

In financial markets, the bid price refers to the value that buyers are willing to pay for an asset, such as a commodity, security, or cryptocurrency. It is the amount that a buyer is willing to offer for the asset, it is usually lower than the ask price and it is used to evaluate the market depth and liquidity of the asset.
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Bid ask spread

The bid-ask spread is the difference in price between the lowest asking price and the highest bid price on the order book for an asset. It reflects the liquidity and depth of the market for an asset and can be used as an indicator of supply and demand for the same asset.
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Bitcoin

Bitcoin is a digital currency that was created by an unknown individual or group of people using the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto. It is considered to be the first decentralized cryptocurrency, and was initially described as a way to facilitate peer-to-peer electronic transactions.
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Bitcoin dominance

Bitcoin Dominance is a measure of the proportion of the total market value of all cryptocurrencies that is attributed to Bitcoin. It is calculated by taking the market capitalization of Bitcoin and dividing it by the sum of the market capitalizations of all other digital currencies.
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Blockchain

A blockchain is a digital ledger of transactions that is distributed across a network of computers. It is used to record and verify information about a cryptocurrency in a secure and transparent way. The ledger is organized in a chronological order and is not controlled by a single entity, making it decentralized.
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Breakout

An event in which the price of an asset moves beyond a pre-determined range or pattern, usually by surpassing a support or resistance level.
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BUIDL

BUIDL is a term that refers to the act of actively working on and developing a product or project, as opposed to simply holding onto it. The term is derived from HODL, which means to hold onto a cryptocurrency and not sell it, but BUIDL emphasizes the importance of taking action and working towards growth and progress.
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Bull market

Bull market refers to a period of time during which the prices of securities, commodities or assets are generally rising. It is a positive trend in the market characterized by optimism and investor confidence. The term is commonly used across various financial markets, including the traditional stock market and the cryptocurrency market.
Full definition
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Candlestick

Candlestick charts are a visual representation of price movements over a specific time frame. They display the opening and closing prices as well as the highest and lowest prices reached within that period, using a combination of bars and lines. They are commonly used in technical analysis to identify patterns and trends in the market, aiding traders to make informed decisions.
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Capitulation

Capitulation is a term used to describe a period of intense selling activity, where investors rapidly exit their positions and assets due to a sense of despair. This can lead to steep declines in asset prices and is often a sign of a market bottom.
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Censorship-resistance

Censorship-resistance is a property of a cryptocurrency network that prevents any entity from altering or blocking transactions, ensuring that all transactions are permanent, accessible and tamper-proof.
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Central bank

A Central Bank is a financial institution that manages a country's monetary policy, including interest rates, money supply and currency. It acts as regulator and supervisor for the banking system and plays a crucial role in maintaining financial stability and promoting economic growth.
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Centralized

Centralized refers to a system where decision-making and control are concentrated in a single point or entity, as opposed to being distributed among multiple entities or individuals.
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Circulating supply

Circulating Supply refers to the approximate number of cryptocurrency coins or tokens that are currently available for trading in the market, and does not include those held by the project's team or locked in other ways.
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Cloud

Cloud in computer science refers to a shared pool of resources, such as storage and processing capabilities, provided through the internet by remote servers and can be accessed by multiple users.
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Coin

A Coin is a cryptocurrency that operates independently and can be used as a medium of exchange. It is a digital currency that uses cryptography for security and is often decentralized.
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Collateral

Collateral is an asset pledged as security for a loan, it serves as a guarantee for the lender in case of borrower's inability to repay the loan. It can be in the form of cash, property or other assets and gives the lender the right to seize it in case of default.
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Crypto winter

Crypto Winter refers to an extended period of declining or stagnant prices and negative sentiment in the cryptocurrency market. It usually refers to a bear market that can last for months or years.
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Cryptocurrency

Cryptocurrency is a digital currency secured by cryptography that operates in a decentralized P2P system, it can be used for transactions and traded for other currencies.
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Cryptography

Cryptography is the science of encrypting and decrypting information using mathematical algorithms to secure digital communication like email, online banking, and cryptocurrency transactions, providing confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity.
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Custody

Custody refers to the safekeeping, management and monitoring of assets, such as cash, securities or digital assets, on behalf of a client or oneself. It also includes the role of custodian who is responsible for maintaining safety and security of assets held.
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Cold wallet

A crypto cold wallet is an offline storage solution for cryptocurrencies, such as a USB drive or hardware wallet, that is not connected to the internet. It provides a high level of security and is used for long-term storage of large amounts of cryptocurrencies or secure funds that are not actively in use.
Full definition
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Decentralized Application (dApp)

A dApp or decentralized application is a software that runs on a blockchain network and allows users to interact with it directly without the need for a central authority. DApps offer more control over data and interactions compared to centralized applications. Examples of dApps include decentralized social media platforms and DeFi platforms.
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Decentralized Finance (DeFi)

DeFi, or Decentralized Finance, refers to a system of financial applications that operate on a decentralized blockchain network, rather than through a central authority.
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Decentralized Organization (DAO)

A DAO, or Decentralized Autonomous Organization, is a type of organization that is run by a set of pre-programmed rules, rather than by a central authority. These rules dictate the actions and decisions that the organization will take.
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Distributed ledger

A distributed ledger is a digital record-keeping system where the information is stored and updated across a network of computers, allowing for transparency and security. In DeFi, the ledger is distributed among users, unlike traditional finance where a central entity holds it. Examples include blockchain technology.
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Dead cat bounce

Dead Cat Bounce is a term used to describe a temporary recovery in the value of a falling asset, which is then followed by a continuation of the downward trend.
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Decentralized Exchange (DEX)

A Decentralized Exchange (DEX) is a type of cryptocurrency exchange where users can trade directly from their own wallets without the need to deposit funds with the exchange, and the exchange doesn't hold user's funds. It operates on a decentralized blockchain network, unlike centralized exchanges.
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Diamond hands

Diamond Hands refers to an investor who holds onto an asset even during market downturns, despite market volatility and potential price declines, believing that the asset will increase in value over time.
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Divergence

Divergence refers to a situation where the market price of an asset and a technical indicator, such as the Relative Strength Index (RSI), Volume, or Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD), are moving in opposite directions. It is considered a signal that the price may change direction.
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dYdX Trading

dYdX Trading is on a mission to 'democratize access to financial opportunity.' They have built a leading decentralized exchange (DEX) that offers perpetual trading of cryptocurrencies with leverage up to 20x. While trading on the platform, traders enjoy the security, privacy, and decentralization benefits of Starkware zero-knowledge proofs. dYdX Trading believes in empowering traders worldwide with powerful, transparent, and fair financial products.
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dYdX Foundation

dYdX Foundation shares dYdX Trading's mission. dYdX Foundation was created to support and grow the dYdX protocol ecosystem by enabling communities, developers, and decentralized governance.
Full definition
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Do Your Own Research (DYOR)

Do Your Own Research (DYOR) is a phrase often used in the context of investing in cryptocurrency or other assets, it means that an individual should conduct their own research and analysis of an asset before investing in it, rather than solely relying on the advice or opinions of others.
Full definition
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Dollar Cost Averaging (DCA)

Dollar Cost Averaging (DCA) is a method of investing where a fixed dollar amount is invested at regular intervals, regardless of the current price of the asset. This approach can help to reduce the impact of volatility on the overall investment portfolio.
Full definition
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Ethereum

Ethereum is a decentralized, open-source blockchain platform that enables the creation of smart contracts and decentralized applications (dApps). It provides a cryptocurrency called Ether (ETH), which can be used to pay for transaction fees and services on the Ethereum network. Ethereum also allows for the creation of custom digital assets and tokens through its ERC-20 standard.
Full definition
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Encryption

Encryption is the process of transforming information or data into a secure form, making it unreadable to anyone without the proper decryption key, thus safeguarding against unauthorized access.
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ERC-20

ERC-20 is a technical standard for issuing and managing tokens on the Ethereum blockchain. It was first proposed in November 2015 by Fabian Vogelsteller, and is widely used to create and manage digital assets.
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ERC-721

ERC-721 is a type of non-fungible token (NFT) built on the Ethereum blockchain. Unlike fungible tokens like ERC-20, ERC-721 tokens are unique and cannot be replaced or exchanged for an identical token.
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Exchange

An exchange is a platform that facilitates the trading of cryptocurrencies. It allows users to buy and sell various coins and tokens using different trading pairs and at different prices, similar to a stock exchange.
Full definition
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Fakeout

A fakeout is an event in trading when a trader takes a position based on a perceived trend or price movement, but the market quickly reverses or doesn't follow through, resulting in the trader experiencing a loss.
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Falling knife

A falling knife refers to the action of buying an asset that is experiencing a sharp and rapid decline in price with the expectation that the price will rebound. It is a high-risk strategy as the price may continue to fall, resulting in further losses.
Full definition
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Fear Of Missing Out (FOMO)

Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) is an emotional state characterized by feelings of fear, anxiety and urgency, caused by the perception that one may be missing out on a potentially profitable opportunity. It is a common phenomenon in the financial market and often leads to impulsive buying or selling.
Full definition
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Fear, Uncertainty and Doubt (FUD)

Fear, Uncertainty and Doubt (FUD) is a tactic of spreading negative information and creating doubt to manipulate market or gain advantage.
Full definition
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Fiat

Fiat money is currency that is issued and backed by a government, and declared as legal tender for the payment of debts and taxes. It is not backed by physical commodities such as gold or silver and its value is determined by the government's willingness to accept it in payment of taxes.
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Fill Or Kill Order (FOK)

A Fill or Kill Order (FOK) is a type of trade order that requires immediate execution of the entire quantity of the order. If the order cannot be filled completely, it will be cancelled automatically.
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Finality

Finality is the assurance that a completed cryptocurrency transaction cannot be changed or undone.
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Flippening

Flippening refers to the hypothetical event in which Ethereum (ETH) overtakes Bitcoin (BTC) in terms of market capitalization, becoming the largest cryptocurrency by this metric.
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Forced liquidation

Forced Liquidation is the process of a leveraged trading position being closed by the exchange or brokerage because the trader failed to maintain the minimum margin requirements. This happens in order to limit the losses of the trading platform.
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Fork

A fork in a blockchain is a change to its protocol that creates a new version, which can be either backward-compatible (soft fork) or not (hard fork).
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Fundamental Analysis (FA)

Fundamental Analysis is a method of evaluating an asset by analyzing its underlying factors to determine its true value.
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Futures contract

A Futures Contract is a legally binding agreement to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price and date in the future. It is a standardized version of a forward contract.
Full definition
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Gas

Gas is the pricing mechanism used on the Ethereum blockchain to determine the cost of executing smart contract operations and transactions.
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Gas limit

Gas Limit is the maximum fee a user is willing to pay when performing a transaction or executing a smart contract function on a blockchain network.
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Genesis block

The Genesis Block is the initial block recorded on a blockchain network, also known as Block 0 or Block 1. It marks the beginning of a blockchain.
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GitHub

GitHub is a web-based platform that allows individuals and teams to share, collaborate and save their code, it could be either open-source or proprietary. It serves as a central repository for software development.
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Golden cross

Golden Cross is a bullish chart pattern in technical analysis, it occurs when a short-term moving average (such as 50-day) crosses above a longer-term moving average (such as 200-day), indicating a potential uptrend in the asset's price.
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Gewi

Gwei is a small denomination of Ether, it is mainly used as a measure of gas prices in the Ethereum network. It is equivalent to 1,000,000,000 wei and often represented as 1 Giga wei (Gwei).
Full definition
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Hacker

A Hacker is a person who uses their knowledge of computer systems and networks to gain unauthorized access or exploit vulnerabilities.
Full definition
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Halving

Halving is a mechanism used in some crypto assets like Bitcoin, where the block reward is reduced by half, this creates a decreasing rate of issuance and leads to a finite supply of the crypto asset.
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HODL

HODL is an acronym for "Hold on for Dear Life" which is used in the crypto community. It originated as a typo on bitcointalk but now it is widely used to refer to holding a crypto asset despite market volatility and not selling it.
Full definition
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Hot wallet

A hot wallet is an online storage for cryptocurrencies that can be provided by an exchange or a third party. It is vulnerable to hacking but can provide recovery options for lost access codes.
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Immutability

Immutability refers to the unchangeable nature of something, often used to describe Bitcoin and blockchain technology.
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Index

An index is a tool used to measure the performance of a specific asset or group of assets.
Full definition
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Initial Coin Offering (ICO)

An Initial Coin Offering (ICO) is a way for new projects to raise funds by selling their own cryptocurrency to investors.
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Initial Exchange Offering (IEO)

An IEO is a fundraising technique that involves a trusted intermediary to minimize the risk for token buyers by connecting the project team and the buyer.
Full definition
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Initial Public Offering (IPO)

An IPO is the process of a private company offering its stock to the public for the first time.
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Interoperability

Interoperability refers to the ability of different blockchain systems to work together and integrate their features and use-cases.
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Isolated margin

Isolated margin is a margin balance set aside for a specific trade, allowing traders to limit risk by controlling the amount allocated to each position.
Full definition
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Index price

The index price is determined by averaging the Market Price of a group of selected crypto assets, which is calculated as the median of the last traded price, best bid and best offer.
Full definition
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Know Your Customer (KYC)

KYC is a standard process in the financial industry to identify customers and comply with anti-money laundering laws.
Full definition
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Layer 2

Layer 2 is a supplementary protocol built on a blockchain to enhance scalability.
Full definition
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Ledger

A ledger is a decentralized digital record of all transactions on a blockchain network, secured and maintained by a network of computers.
Full definition
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Liquidity

Liquidity refers to the ease of buying or selling an asset without affecting its market price.
Full definition
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Listing

Listing refers to the process of adding an asset to an exchange, either by request of the project team or by the exchange's decision.
Full definition
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Mainnet

Mainnet refers to a fully operational blockchain protocol where transactions are broadcast, verified, and recorded.
Full definition
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Mainnet swap

Mainnet Swap refers to the process of migrating a coin from a third-party platform to its native on-chain token on the mainnet.
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Maker

A maker is a trader who places an order that does not trade immediately, and instead waits in the order book for another trader to fill or match it.
Full definition
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Malware

Malware refers to any software or code designed to infiltrate and harm computer systems and networks.
Full definition
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Market momentum

Market Momentum refers to a market's ability to sustain an upward or downward trend in price over a certain period of time.
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Market order

Market Order refers to a trader's choice to buy or sell a cryptocurrency at the best available bid or ask price, taking the quantity available on the order book.
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Maximum supply

Maximum Supply is the highest number of coins or tokens that will ever be created for a particular cryptocurrency.
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Mining

Mining is the process of verifying transactions on a blockchain network, adding them as entries to the blockchain ledger.
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Meme coin

Memecoin is an altcoin based on a meme, which is a type of inside joke in the form of an image that is repeatedly altered and shared online. An example of this is Dogecoin which is based on the "Doge" meme.
Full definition
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Moon

Moon is a colloquial term used to describe a cryptocurrency or other asset that is experiencing a significant upward trend in its market price.
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Multisignature

Multisignature refers to a type of wallet that requires multiple parties to authorize a transaction before it is broadcasted to the network.
Full definition
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Margin

Margin is the use of borrowed funds to increase the size of a trade, allowing the trader to potentially realize larger profits. Margin trading in cryptocurrency allows traders to trade with more funds than they have in their account, by borrowing from a broker or exchange. This practice can amplify gains but also magnify potential losses. Margin trading requires careful risk management as it increases the potential for losses, but it can also provide a way for traders to increase their exposure to the market and potentially realize larger gains.
Full definition
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Node

Node refers to a participant on a blockchain network that communicates with other participants to maintain the security and integrity of the system.
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Non-fungible Token (NFT)

Non-Fungible Token (NFT) is a type of digital token that represents a unique asset and cannot be exchanged for something identical.
Full definition
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Open-Source Software (OSS)

Open-Source Software (OSS) refers to software that is made available to the public with a license that allows anyone to use, modify, and distribute it for free.
Full definition
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Oracle

Oracle refers to a third-party data source or feed used to determine outcomes for smart contracts.
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Order book

Order Book is an electronic record of all pending buy and sell orders for a particular asset on an exchange or marketplace.
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On-chain

On-chain refers to a transaction that is recorded on a blockchain.
Full definition
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Peer-to-Peer (P2P)

P2P, or Peer-to-Peer, refers to a transaction between two individuals without the involvement of an intermediary or central authority.
Full definition
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